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The process of using microbial fermentation to produce beverages with a certain concentration. Brewing raw materials and brewing containers are two prerequisites for grain brewing. According to the brewing utensils unearthed more than 5,000 years ago, the industry of winemaking existed in the legendary Huangdi period and Xiayu period, and the origin of winemaking was before that. In ancient times, people may have been exposed to some naturally fermented wines and then imitated them. Domestic scholars generally believe that winemaking was a relatively developed industry during the Longshan Culture period. Different brewing materials, the microorganisms used and the brewing process are also different. Koji winemaking is the essence of Chinese winemaking. The method of making music recorded in "Qi Min Yao Shu" has always been used, and there have been minor improvements in later generations. wine vessel certification
There is a more mythical saying that "there is a wine star in the sky, and the wine is the work of it, and it is combined with the heaven and the earth". Although these legends are different, it is generally believed that winemaking existed as early as the Xia Dynasty or before the Xia Dynasty. ("Xinmin Evening News" August 23, 1987 "China's oldest writing found in Juxian, Shandong", subtitled "Also discover 5,000-year-old brewing utensils")
The origin and occurrence of Chinese wine-making custom is generally considered to be in the late Neolithic period when there were definite drinking utensils. The so-called drinking utensils refer to pottery pheasants, goblet, goblet and the like. This concept of drinking vessel is limited by comparison with the general situation of wine vessels in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, so it is inevitable to be biased. In fact, when human beings in the primitive period used pottery products, although they had a certain concept of classification and use, they did not have strict rules of use. It was a very popular custom to use one utensil for multiple purposes, and many utensils were not used in modern times. As everyone knows, tracing the source of wine by tracing the wine vessel like a map, obviously cannot truly reflect the origin of Chinese winemaking. Judging from the two prerequisites for the occurrence of agriculture and pottery making, which are necessary for winemaking, China was fully equipped in the early Neolithic Age. Early cultures such as Cishan, Peiligang, Beishouling, and Lijiacun in the Yellow River Basin had obviously developed relatively developed agriculture and pottery making, so the custom of winemaking in China may have occurred at this time. In the cultural sites of Cishan and Peiligang periods, pottery vessels such as deep-bellied jars and deep-bellied three-legged vessels are commonly found. The clay pots, three-legged pots with flow, and bowls with round feet, etc., are vessels for holding and drinking water. These vessels for storing grain, holding and drinking water may in fact be the generators and drinking vessels of primitive winemaking. In the mid-Neolithic period, such as large pottery urns, jars, jars, tripods and pots, bowls, and pheasants of the Yangshao Culture; The bowl, etc., should be the generator and drinker of wine. The appearance of pottery pots, pots, etc., and special wine vessels similar to those in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, which began to appear in the late Neolithic Age, indicate that winemaking customs were quite prevalent at this time, winemaking gradually entered the stage of specialization, and winemaking technology also achieved unprecedented development. and improve.