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A computer is composed of two parts: a hardware system and a software system. Computer components generally refer to the hardware required to assemble a computer. Computer components can generally be divided into motherboards, power supplies, storage controllers, portable storage devices, built-in memories, and the like. These components form the hardware system of the computer according to certain rules. A computer consists of five basic components: memory, arithmetic unit, controller, input device and output device [1]. Computer components generally refer to the hardware required to assemble a computer. Computer components are the realization of the five basic components of a computer. The components of different types of computers are different, which is related to many factors, such as technology, craftsmanship, price and so on. Also known as the motherboard, it is the largest circuit board in a computer system. The type and grade of the mainboard determine the type and grade of the entire microcomputer system, and the performance of the mainboard affects the performance of the entire microcomputer system. The motherboard is equipped with control chipset, BIOS and various input and output interfaces, keyboard and panel control switch interfaces, indicator light connectors, expansion slots and DC power supply connectors and other components. They perform their respective responsibilities and closely link various peripheral devices. If the CPU is compared to the human heart, then the motherboard can be compared to the circulatory system such as blood vessels and nerves. With the motherboard, the CPU can control peripheral devices such as hard disks, floppy drives, keyboards, mice, and memory. The current motherboard structures mainly include AT and ATX structures, and the motherboards used by CPUs with different structures are not necessarily the same [2]. Some high-priced motherboards also integrate functions such as infrared communication technology, Bluetooth and 802.11 (Wi-Fi). Computer power supply unit (PC Power supply unit, often referred to as power supply unit, referred to as PSU or power supply), is a power conversion type of power supply for computers (different from battery-powered power supplies), which is responsible for converting standard AC power. Convert it into a low-voltage stable direct current for use by other components in the computer. At present, the general computer power supply is a switching power supply, and the input voltage automatically adapts to the mains parameters of the user's location (and some products may require the user to adjust the voltage switch). Many computer power supplies are also equipped with short-circuit protection, overload protection, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, temperature protection and other functions to ensure the normal and stable operation of the power supply and the equipment it supplies. Listed as an industry standard. In addition, some high-power power supplies will also be equipped with passive (passive) or active (active) power factor correction (PFC) technology, which has become an industry standard. Passive power factor correction is usually implemented by using an inductor-capacitor compensation circuit or a valley-filling circuit, and the power factor can usually reach 0.7 to 0.9; while active power factor correction is more complicated but can achieve a high power factor of up to 0.99. In order to control the heat generation of the power supply, there is also a lower limit of the power conversion efficiency, such as the 80 PLUS specification certification for informal industry certification.
At present, the input voltage of the commonly used ATX specification PC power supply is generally between 100V and 250V. The latest ATX specification is ATX version 2.31 released in mid-2008. Common storage controllers have adapters, such as sound cards and graphics cards. Adapter (Interface Card, Adapter) is the communication bridge between computer and peripheral hardware, for example: screen, keyboard, CD-ROM, printer, hard disk, etc., each of which can only work by transmitting data through the adapter. Most computers now have built-in adapters, and external adapters are added if necessary.
A sound card is an interface card used to process sound in a multimedia computer. The sound card can convert the voice, music and other sounds from microphones, radios, recorders, CD players (laser discs) and other equipment into digital signals for processing by the computer, and save them in the form of files, and can also restore the digital signals to real sound output. . The interface at the rear of the sound card protrudes from the back of the chassis, and there are interfaces for connecting microphones, speakers, joysticks and MIDI devices.
Graphics card (Video card, Display card, Graphics card, Video adapter) is one of the most basic components of a personal computer. It is used to convert the display information required by the computer system to drive the display and provide progressive or interlaced signals to the display. , which controls the correct display of the monitor, is an important component connecting the monitor and the motherboard of the personal computer, and is one of the important devices for "man-machine dialogue