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Sensor (English name: transducer/sensor) is a detection device that can sense the measured information, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the needs of the information. requirements for transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.
The characteristics of sensors include: miniaturization, digitization, intelligence, multi-function, systematization, and networking. It is the first link to realize automatic detection and automatic control. The existence and development of sensors allows objects to have senses such as touch, taste, and smell, and makes objects slowly become alive. It is usually divided into ten categories according to its basic sensing functions, including thermal elements, photosensitive elements, gas-sensitive elements, force-sensitive elements, magnetic-sensitive elements, humidity-sensitive elements, sound-sensitive elements, radiation-sensitive elements, color-sensitive elements, and taste-sensitive elements. . The national standard GB7665-87 defines a sensor as: "a device or device that can sense the specified measured and convert it into a usable signal according to a certain rule (mathematical function rule), usually composed of a sensitive element and a conversion element".
The China Internet of Things School-Enterprise Alliance believes that the existence and development of sensors allows objects to have senses such as touch, taste and smell, and makes objects slowly become alive. "
A "sensor" is defined in the New Wei-style dictionary as: "A device that receives power from one system, and usually sends power in another form to a second system. In order to obtain information from the outside world, people must rely on the sense organs. .And relying on people's own sensory organs alone is far from enough to study natural phenomena and laws and their functions in production activities. In order to adapt to this situation, sensors are needed. Therefore, it can be said that sensors are the extension of human five senses, Also known as electric five senses.
With the advent of the new technology revolution, the world has entered the information age. In the process of using information, the first thing to be solved is to obtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors are the main way and means to obtain information in the natural and production fields.
In modern industrial production, especially in the automated production process, various sensors are used to monitor and control various parameters in the production process, so that the equipment can work in a normal or optimal state, and the products can achieve the best quality. Therefore, it can be said that without many excellent sensors, modern production will lose its foundation.
In the research of basic disciplines, sensors have a more prominent position. The development of modern science and technology has entered many new fields: for example, we need to observe the vast universe thousands of light-years in the macroscopic view, the particle world as small as fm needs to be observed in the microscopic view, and the evolution of celestial bodies over hundreds of thousands of years needs to be observed vertically. , an instantaneous response as short as s. In addition, there have also been various extreme technological researches that play an important role in deepening material understanding, developing new energy sources, and new materials, such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, ultra-high pressure, ultra-high vacuum, ultra-strong magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic field and so on. Obviously, it is impossible to obtain a large amount of information that cannot be directly obtained by human senses without suitable sensors. The first obstacle to many basic scientific research lies in the difficulty of obtaining object information, and the emergence of some new mechanisms and high-sensitivity detection sensors often lead to breakthroughs in this field. The development of some sensors is often a pioneer in the development of some marginal disciplines.