Lock was born almost at the same time as private ownership. As early as 3000 BC, there were wooden locks installed on wooden frame buildings in the Yangshao Cultural Relics of China. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the technology of iron three spring locks in China had reached a very high level. Three spring locks have been used for more than 1000 years.
At the beginning of the 18th century, D. Porter, an Englishman, invented the cam rotary lock. The number of keys has grown from more than 20 to more than 80. In the middle of the 19th century, European manufacturers transformed the cam blade lock and the three spring lock into a sliding blade lock, with key numbers up to 1600.
In 1848, American L. Yell invented the marble lock with cylindrical pin bolt, which has become the most widely used lock in the world. The structure of modern billiard locks has new development, including two-way, three-way and four-way billiard structures, planar, double-sided, multi-faceted, double row double-sided, multi row multi-faceted billiard structures and combined billiard structures, which greatly improves the security performance of locks and makes the number of locks change from 2500 to millions through "direction" and "face".
In the 1970s, with the application of microelectronics technology, there appeared magnetic lock, infrared lock, electromagnetic lock, electronic card lock, 800 fingerprint lock, retinal lock, remote control lock, etc. These locks have a high security performance that mechanical structures cannot match. The modern lock can also realize the program control of the system in a specific system according to the set logical relationship. Modern locks can be classified according to material, purpose, availability of keys, safety performance and structure.
historical background
Ancient locks
Ancient locks
The Origin of Ci says: "Lock is the key in ancient times, but now it is the lock." Cihai explains: "A seal that can only be released with a key". (In addition, lock has another meaning: "a torture tool made of iron rings", which is extended to restraint. For example, the county magistrate in the Song Dynasty would say, "Come on, lock up." It uses a wooden shackle, with two boards below and an iron chain above.)
lock
lock
The earliest lock is a simple mechanism set by the owner to prevent others from opening it. The simplest lock applied to the door is the latch. In ancient China, there were stone locks without keys, which were bound by ropes or chains. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, private ownership of the means of production was further developed, the gap between rich and poor was further aggravated, and social contradictions were very prominent. At the same time, smelting technology was mature and immediately applied to the lock making industry. As a result, copper locks and iron locks that can only be opened with a key appeared, matching different locks with different keys. With the rapid development of science and technology, mechanical locks have also made considerable progress. Modern mechanical locks have a history of more than one hundred years. The lock cylinder is filled with marbles of different lengths, and the corresponding tooth shaped key is used to open the shape. Later, it developed to password lock, magnetic lock, electronic lock, laser lock and so on. On the basis of traditional keys, one or more groups of passwords, different magnetic fields, different light beams and different images are added. For example, fingerprint, fundus retina, etc. to control the opening of the lock.
Now, locks have formed a very large family, and are constantly improving and updating, constantly showing its magic to the world. In a word, locks play the role of "binding" in human civilized society, regulate social behavior, safeguard people's life and property safety, and maintain social stability.
In Europe, in the second half of the 19th century, locks were popularized and entered private houses. Before that, locks were expensive and had never been associated with ordinary people. They were symbols of wealth and power. In Japan, when people mentioned locks in the past, they thought of the lock of the barn as well as the special products of the rich.